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Frequently Asked Questions
Regarding COVID-19 Vaccine

Where can I find reliable information on the vaccine?

Stick to reliable sources! The CDC continues to update their webpages as information becomes available. Start here.

How each vaccine works:

Overview of the types of vaccines in development here.

Select a topic or specific question to jump to the answer.

Have a question not listed above? Submit it here.

Secton one

Should I get the vaccine?

When can I get the vaccine? 

1.1

Anyone 12 years or older who lives or works in Alaska is eligible to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. You can look for openings near you and book one of them at this website.
 

Can I choose which vaccine I get? Should I wait for the one I want?

1.2

We do not advise any one vaccine over another. All are highly effective against severe COVID-19.
 

If I have already had COVID-19 and recovered, should I avoid getting the vaccine? 

1.4

You should still get the vaccine. You can get it once you are out of isolation, EXCEPT if you received monoclonal antibody, in which case you should wait 90 days after recovery to get vaccinated.
 

If I'm allergic to eggs can I get the COVID-19 vaccine?

1.5

It depends on the vaccine. You will have no problem with any COVID-19 vaccine that has received Emergency Use Authorization from the FDA (Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna, and Janssen/Johnson & Johnson) because they are not produced in eggs the way traditional vaccines (like the flu vaccine) are.
 

If I have a history of allergies, or if I'm pregnant, should I get the vaccine?

1.6

The CDC recommends COVID-19 vaccination for all people 6 months and older. This includes people who are pregnant, breastfeeding, trying to get pregnant now, or might become pregnant in the future.

  • If you are pregnant or were recently pregnant, you are more likely to get very sick from COVID-19 compared to people who are not pregnant. Additionally, if you have COVID-19 during pregnancy, you are at increased risk of complications that can affect your pregnancy and developing baby.

  • Getting a COVID-19 vaccine can help protect you from getting very sick from COVID-19.

  • People who are pregnant should stay up to date with their COVID-19 vaccines, including getting a COVID-19 booster shot when it’s time to get one.

​Evidence continues to build showing that:

  • COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy is safe and effective.

  • There is currently no evidence that any vaccines, including COVID-19 vaccines, cause fertility problems in women or men.

2.5

Why does the vaccination rate of the public matter?

For the same reason that you must take ALL of your antibiotic prescription rather than just until you feel better. The longer the virus circulates, the more chances it has to accumulate random mutations until it can escape the vaccine. One single mutation will not allow the virus to escape the vaccine, but an accumulation of mutations will. If a virus suddenly has no susceptible hosts, it will be eradicated. We must reduce the prevalence of the virus and reduce the chance of it escaping by vaccinating as many people as possible as quickly as possible. 
 

2.6

If I get vaccinated, will I test positive for COVID-19 infection? That would be a problem for traveling. 

No, you will not test positive for active COVID-19 infection after being vaccinated. The FDA-authorized vaccines carry the genetic sequence (instructions) for your cells to make the spike (S) protein. The PCR/molecular tests look for sequences encoding a different protein (nucleocapsid protein, N), so even if you have the vaccine actively in your system, you will not test positive. The antigen tests detect the nucleocapsid protein, so no matter how much spike protein your cells make in response to the vaccine, you will not test positive. Antibody tests are not used to find active infection. 
 

Risks

Section three

Can an mRNA vaccine or an adenovirus vaccine change my DNA?

3.1

No. Your DNA is safe in the fortified nucleus of your cells and the mRNA from Pfizer/BioNTech or Moderna vaccines will remain outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm. Getting into a cell is relatively easy, the nucleus is a fortress that requires special recognition, like password-protection and 2-factor authentication. RNA that does not belong in the nucleus does not get there. Adenovirus vaccines transport a small amount of DNA into the nucleus, but it cannot integrate into your own DNA genome. Integration is a tightly regulated process that requires multiple elements from the donor and recipient DNA, again like password-protection and 2-factor authentication.

Weren't trials too rushed to demonstrate safety? 

3.2

Adverse events generally occur within 1-2 months of vaccination, so COVID vaccines authorized by the FDA will have good safety profiles. Longer trials are always preferred, but ethics requires balancing the known harm of a raging pandemic against the possibility of a rare adverse event. 
 

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Will there be side effects? 

3.3

You will probably feel your immune system responding to the vaccine - pain at the injection site and flu-like symptoms including aches and a low fever. You should not be alarmed by these symptoms. There is zero chance of getting COVID-19 from an mRNA vaccine. Please refer to the graphical guide to coronavirus for details on which vaccines contain live (but severely weakened) virus. The grading of adverse events is a little complicated, but if you are interested this presentation explains them. The severity of adverse events is graded 1-5. Grade 5 is death, grade 4 is life-threatening, grade 3 is medically significant and serious, but not life-threatening. Grade 3 events "limit daily activities" but generally do not require hospitalization. Note that ALL adverse events are reported, regardless of whether they are related to vaccination or not—getting struck by lightning is reported as an adverse event in a clinical trial. In the Pfizer/BioNTech phase 3 trials, no grade 4 or 5 events attributable to vaccination were reported. In the vaccine groups grade 3 events were site-injection soreness, fatigue, and fever. Moderna reported grade 3 events of fatigue, muscle and joint pain, headache, and redness at the injection site. These occurred in more than 2% of participants who received the vaccine and generally lasted less than 48 hours. 
 

What's in them, and what's not?

Secton four


Do the mRNA vaccines contain antifreeze?

4.1

No. Antifreeze is ethylene glycol - one ethylene group (which you can think of as a single Lego block). The Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna vaccines contain polyethylene glycol, also called PEG. The prefix “poly” means “many” so you can think of PEG as many Legos added sequentially to the first Lego. FYI, the laxative MiraLax is PEG 3500 (the number is a weight that corresponds to a certain number of ethyl groups). MiraLax is sold over-the-counter, consumed in huge quantities compared to what is in a vaccine, and is nontoxic. PEG is added to many injectable medications including some contraceptives and steroids; this practice is so frequent that industry has coined the term "PEGylation" to describe the process. The PEG in the vaccines is similarly well tolerated, although some people are allergic to it. 
 

4.2

Are there microchips in the vaccine?

No. Keep in mind that extremist groups are excellent pawns for foreign actors that would love to see the United Sates continue to struggle amid a pandemic. There is virtually zero evidence for this one. 
 

4.3

Is there aborted fetus in the vaccine?

See above.
 

4.4

What are the ingredients in the mRNA vaccines?

Here's a table provided by the CDC:
 

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Adverse Events

Section five

Is there a fertility risk for women? I heard that the spike protein is similar to part of the placenta!

5.1

There is zero evidence and no reason to believe that the vaccine will interfere with fertility. In fact, 23 people became pregnant after receiving the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine in their Phase 3 clinical trial, and no adverse events have been reported. A very small part of the spike protein is indeed similar to a protein in the placenta. HOWEVER, that part of the spike protein is not included in the mRNA vaccine so it will not be expressed by your cells when they receive the mRNA vaccine. That part of the protein has simply been left out. In any case, placental abnormalities observed in COVID-positive pregnancies are believed to be due to the clotting issues caused by the virus; no clotting abnormalities occurred in the Pfizer/BioNTech or Moderna vaccine trials.
 

5.2

Can I get Bell's Palsy from the vaccine? 

This is extremely unlikely. Yes, there were 4 cases of Bell’s Palsy amongst vaccine people who received the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine in their Phase 3 trial. This falls well within the normal incidence of Bell’s Palsy in the general population (calculations below if you want to keep reading). As it happens, there were none in the control group. This is likely a statistical anomaly, which you see when your sample size is too small to collect sufficient data points for the signal you are trying to detect—Bell’s Palsy is not common and the number of participants in the Phase 3 trial was too small to accurately measure its occurrence. Statistical anomalies appear real when you look too closely at small data sets. For instance, if you flip a coin you will inevitably get runs of either heads or tails, but the numbers of heads vs. tails will even out if you flip the coin enough times. If a run of heads or tails occurs early in your experiment and you stop the experiment immediately after the run, it will appear to favor either heads or tails over the other. This is why something called “statistical power” is important when designing trials. An underpowered trial may not detect truly rare events. The incidence of Bell’s Palsy is somewhere around 15-30 cases per 100,000 people per year. Let’s use the middle of that range (22.5) and run the numbers. The Pfizer trial followed 65,000 people for three months so 22.5/100,000 x 65,000 = 15 cases expected per year in that population; over three months (1/4 of the year) one would expect to see 3.6 (or 4) cases of Bell’s Palsy. Q.E.D.
 

5.3

I had a seizure when I received the DTAP or TDaP vaccine as a child. Could the COVID vaccine give me a seizure?

Seizures have not occurred in the study population, so it is extraordinarily unlikely. Seizures are a known risk with the administration of the pertussis vaccines; although rare, your experience was not entirely unexpected. When the COVID vaccine is tested in the pediatric population, it is possible that a risk of seizures will be found but we just don’t know yet.
 

5.4

How are adverse events reported after administration, and for how long? 

The FDA and CDC manage a database called VAERS, the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System, to track the long-term safety of vaccines. Anyone who administers vaccines must agree to report serious adverse events to this system, but anyone (including patients) can file a report. The data is available to the public. You can see how the VAERS system works, including strengths and limitations, in this video. There is no time limit to safety monitoring of vaccines.
 

5.5

How will the health and safety of COVID vaccine recipients be monitored? 

Because the COVID vaccine is being offered under EUA rather than full approval, an active (voluntary) smart phone-based safety monitoring system will be implemented—V-SAFE, Vaccine Safety Assessment For Essential workers. If you are vaccinated in Phase 1, you will receive a text message or email daily for the first week and then weekly for 6 weeks, asking about any symptoms you may be experiencing. Adverse events will be reported to VAERS for you. In addition to V-SAFE and VAERS, additional monitoring systems will be used in a traditional manner and timeline (NHSN, VSD, CMS, BEST and Sentinel, etc.)
 

5.6

What will happen once an event is reported to VAERS?

  • Processing of VAERS reports related to COVID will be expedited as follows:

    • Reports of death (remember, if you get hit by a car or struck by lightning, it’s an adverse event that gets reported): 1 day

    • Reports classified as serious: 3 days

    • Reports classified as non-serious: 5 days

    • Active telephone follow-up will be conducted for anyone reporting a ‘clinically important’ adverse event during a V-SAFE health check

      • “Clinically important” = missing work, unable to perform normal daily activities, or getting care of any kind from a healthcare professional

  • An FDA scientist will review any event classified as serious, and attempts will be made to review medical records and other medical documentation.

  • CDC scientists will review VAERS reports for AESIs (Adverse Events of Special Interest).

The above information was updated 08/09/2022.
 

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